General Terms in International Trade: The Application and Importance of Incoterms®
Incoterms® are the standard terms in international trade that clarify the responsibilities of buyers and sellers. The 2020 version aims to reduce disputes.
Incoterms® are the standard terms in international trade that clarify the responsibilities of buyers and sellers. The 2020 version aims to reduce disputes.
This article discusses the main forms of insurance documents in international freight, including insurance policies, insurance certificates, and combined certificates, along with their specific contents and functions. Insurance serves as a crucial tool for safeguarding the economic interests of both buyers and sellers in international trade, especially under CIF terms, where the seller is responsible for insuring the goods. Understanding these documents enhances the security and efficiency of trade.
This article provides an in-depth analysis of key aspects of FOB trade, including cost allocation, risks associated with nominated freight forwarders, and prevention of delivery without original bills of lading. The aim is to help exporters gain a comprehensive understanding of FOB terms, effectively control costs and risks, and ultimately improve trade profits. It explores practical strategies for mitigating potential issues and ensuring smooth transactions under FOB Incoterms.
This article provides an in-depth analysis of original and telex release Air Waybills in international air freight. It compares the two forms in terms of timeliness, risk, cost, and compliance. A decision tree and a guide to avoiding common pitfalls are offered to help readers choose the most suitable Air Waybill type based on their specific circumstances. The goal is to ensure the safety of payment and efficient cargo pickup.
A Fixture Note serves as a charter confirmation document commonly used for the final confirmation of charter contracts. Although it is not entirely equivalent to a contract, it is often regarded as one in practice. The Fixture Note primarily includes vessel information, details of the shipowner and charterer, cargo description, loading and unloading ports, freight, deposits, loading and unloading rates, demurrage fees, and other related terms to ensure its legality and enforceability.
This article provides a detailed analysis of the logistics freight operation process, covering aspects from inquiry and booking to cargo consolidation and bill of lading issuance. It also encompasses common trade terms like CIF and CNF in export business. By mastering these processes, companies can effectively control transportation costs, improve logistics efficiency, and enhance their global trade competitiveness. Understanding these procedures is crucial for optimizing supply chain management and ensuring smooth international transactions.
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Shipping is an indispensable mode of transportation in global trade, favored for its cost-effectiveness, environmental advantages, and efficient intermodal transport. However, attention must also be paid to its drawbacks, such as delivery time and limitations in small-volume shipments. Opting for shipping can significantly enhance business success.
This article explores the classification of customs exemption nature codes and their significance in import and export management. It covers various types of exemptions, including general taxation, gratuitous aid, specific regions, and self-use materials, providing definitions and applications for each category. The establishment of these codes offers customs an efficient management mechanism, helping businesses better navigate tax management challenges and facilitate trade flow. Understanding these terms provides practical knowledge and information support for international freight forwarding professionals.