In today's increasingly interconnected global trade environment, cargo transportation has evolved beyond simple shipping processes into complex service systems integrating transport, customs clearance, warehousing, and packaging. For import-export businesses, understanding logistics operation procedures is essential for maintaining competitive operations.
Inquiry Stage: Information Collection and Cost Estimation
When clients need to transport goods internationally, the process begins with a detailed inquiry. The following information should be provided for accurate quotation:
- Cargo specifications: Including product name, quantity, and packaging method, which directly influence transport mode selection and cost calculation.
- Shipping method: Determining whether to use Full Container Load (FCL) or Less than Container Load (LCL) based on cargo volume.
- Port locations: Clear identification of origin and destination ports enables logistics providers to determine optimal routes.
- Timeline requirements: Expected delivery schedule allows proper coordination with shipping schedules.
- Contact details: Complete company information and representative contacts for efficient communication.
- Trade terms: Clarification of import/export status affects customs procedures and documentation requirements.
Upon receiving inquiries, logistics companies calculate comprehensive shipping quotes including ocean freight, customs clearance fees, and potential transshipment charges.
Booking and Consolidation: Ensuring Smooth Shipment
After accepting the quotation, clients proceed with booking procedures. Logistics providers negotiate with shipping lines, confirm rates, and arrange container allocation.
Clients must load containers according to specifications and deliver them to designated yards by required deadlines. Simultaneously, logistics companies handle customs documentation to facilitate clearance processes.
Bill of Lading: The Critical Shipping Document
Following vessel departure, shipping lines issue Bills of Lading (B/L) - the legal title documents essential for cargo claims. Logistics providers deliver these documents to clients for subsequent customs clearance and cargo retrieval.
Trade Terms: Understanding CIF vs. CNF
Export operations commonly use two key trade terms:
- CIF (Cost, Insurance, Freight): Sellers cover transportation costs and insurance to destination ports.
- CNF (Cost and Freight): Sellers assume transportation costs only, excluding insurance coverage.
Businesses should carefully evaluate risk management strategies and cost considerations when selecting appropriate trade terms.
Mastering international logistics procedures enables companies to optimize transportation costs, enhance supply chain efficiency, and strengthen competitiveness in global markets.