As the capital and largest port of Estonia, Tallinn boasts a rich history and unique culture. With its modern port facilities and diversified economic structure, it has become an important maritime hub in the Baltic Sea region. The expansion and upgrading of the port are enhancing its critical role in international trade.
This article analyzes the International Convention on Certain Rules Relating to Bills of Lading (Hague Rules), focusing on the liability of carriers and its legal consequences. By interpreting the provisions, it clarifies the responsibilities of carriers and the exemptions from liability, providing clear guidance for the legal relationships related to maritime cargo transportation.
Skikda, an important port city in northeastern Algeria, is renowned for its rich history and modern industrial base. Industries such as refining, natural gas, and petrochemicals drive the local economy, making it a significant hub for international shipping and energy exports.
Malaga Airport is a key transport hub in southern Spain and one of the southernmost airports in Europe, with a long history. It features three terminals and a wide range of international routes, connecting over twenty domestic cities and more than one hundred European cities, along with direct flights to Africa and North America.
Port Louis is the largest commercial and free port in Mauritius, located in the South Indian Ocean with significant geographical importance. The port is primarily used for bulk cargo, general goods, container shipping, and oil handling, featuring multiple berths and moorings to support diverse maritime trade.
This article explores various surcharges in the shipping process, including fuel surcharges and currency depreciation surcharges. These additional fees vary based on market conditions, port status, and cargo characteristics. Understanding their definitions and background aids in optimizing shipping costs and decision-making.
This article analyzes the customs classification of edged cutting tools and their blades. Based on the Import and Export Tariff, it provides a detailed classification of tools under tariff heading 82.11, including complete sets, fixed knives, and non-fixed knives. The definitions and examples of various cutting tools are clarified, helping businesses better understand and handle customs affairs in international trade.
Cairo International Airport is a key air hub in the capital of Egypt, featuring a rich history and modern facilities. The airport consists of three terminals that cater to both domestic and international routes, serving multiple international airlines. It is one of the busiest airports in Africa, offering high-quality aviation services and ensuring passenger safety.
As the global energy transition accelerates, renewable fuels are transforming the logistics industry. Biofuels and synthetic fuels provide sustainable options for reducing carbon emissions, while hydrogen and ammonia are still in their early development stages. The level of market activity and the number of innovative patents highlight the opportunities and challenges faced by the industry during this transformation. Despite discussions among executives about reductions and a limited number of startups, academic research remains at a high level, laying the groundwork for future development.
This article discusses the reliability of maritime transport and its significant impact on international trade. It highlights the financial, operational, and reputational risks associated with unreliability. The paper suggests measures such as optimizing supply chain management and selecting reliable partners to help shippers effectively address instability and maintain business resilience.
