This article discusses the key information and terms of the bill of lading in international logistics, emphasizing the legal relationship and risk management between carriers and merchants. It clarifies the division of responsibilities to mitigate commercial risks.
This case study explores the complexities of the contractual nature between freight forwarders and shippers. With the development of international cargo transportation, maritime freight forwarders can act as either agents or carriers, leading to disputes regarding legal relationships. The crux lies in whether both parties negotiated freight for the entire transport; if the agent's role is not explicitly defined, they may be regarded as the carrier. The findings indicate that specific expressions of intent and the classification of cost types are crucial in determining the nature of the legal relationship.
The legal relationship between freight forwarders and shippers is complex, with responsibility defined by contract terms and the nature of the agency. There is a need for enhanced understanding and management of these relationships.
This article analyzes the International Convention on Certain Rules Relating to Bills of Lading (Hague Rules), focusing on the liability of carriers and its legal consequences. By interpreting the provisions, it clarifies the responsibilities of carriers and the exemptions from liability, providing clear guidance for the legal relationships related to maritime cargo transportation.
As a major mode of transportation in international trade, marine shipping often encounters cargo damage issues. This article explores approaches to handling cargo damage, including identifying the carrier's liability period, the claims process after purchasing insurance, the necessity of cargo damage inspections, and strategies for multiple claims. By analyzing specific cases, it emphasizes the importance of distinguishing legal relationships, determining liability, and the right of subrogation, aiming to provide guidance for managing cargo damage during marine transportation.
