In the process of international cargo transportation, understanding and complying with customs and related regulations is crucial. Among these, the terms AMS and VGM frequently appear, representing different information submission requirements that significantly impact the entire shipping process. Today, we'll examine these two concepts in depth, exploring their importance and relationship in global freight operations.
THE AUTOMATED MANIFEST SYSTEM (AMS)
First, let's examine AMS , which stands for Automated Manifest System . AMS is designed to enhance cargo transportation efficiency and security, widely used by U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) for customs management. The system primarily receives vessel cargo manifests containing detailed information about all goods arriving in the United States. By submitting this information in advance, customs authorities can effectively conduct risk assessments, thereby improving overall security and reducing smuggling and other illegal activities.
Notably, AMS has specific requirements for submitted information. This includes descriptions of goods, packaging types, quantities, and details about shippers and consignees. However, AMS doesn't require container weight information —meaning the tare weight (the container's own weight) isn't a mandatory component of AMS submissions. This characteristic makes AMS somewhat simpler to comply with, as it doesn't require detailed verification of each item's specific weight.
THE VERIFIED GROSS MASS (VGM)
In contrast to AMS, VGM ( Verified Gross Mass ) imposes stricter requirements. According to International Maritime Organization (IMO) regulations, carriers must obtain accurate net weight information for all cargo, including container tare weight, before loading onto vessels. This ensures ship safety, as inaccurate container weight information could lead to loading imbalances and potential safety hazards.
Therefore, VGM focuses on verifying each container's total weight before departure. This means freight forwarders, shippers, or carriers must conduct weigh-ins early and submit this data to shipping companies. All VGM information must be provided before the carrier's deadline to avoid impacting vessel loading schedules and departure times.
OPERATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS
In practice, AMS cutoff times typically align closely with VGM deadlines. To prevent potential shipping delays, carriers and freight forwarders usually prepare both sets of data simultaneously. This dual preparation ensures regulatory compliance while guaranteeing smooth cargo loading, avoiding delays or additional costs from incomplete information.
Companies handling VGM information must carefully consider workflow requirements. Some carriers don't accept VGM submissions on weekends, meaning failure to submit data before deadlines could result in cargo missing scheduled shipments. Therefore, businesses should integrate VGM processing into regular operations, ensuring adequate time and resources for accurate weighing and data verification.
CONCLUSION
While AMS and VGM represent different requirements, they are closely interconnected in international shipping. AMS primarily focuses on submitting cargo information to customs, while VGM ensures transportation safety and accuracy. Together, they maintain compliance and efficiency in maritime operations.
All parties involved—including shippers, carriers, and freight forwarders—must ensure accurate and timely submission of both data sets. In today's growing global trade environment, this compliance awareness is particularly important for enhancing supply chain efficiency and protecting all stakeholders' interests.
Understanding AMS and VGM requirements is essential for success in international shipping. By applying this knowledge effectively, professionals can ensure smooth, compliant cargo transportation worldwide.
