In the realm of international trade, screws serve as fundamental yet crucial import/export commodities. These small fasteners find extensive applications across construction, machinery manufacturing, electronics, and daily life while facilitating commercial exchanges between nations. A screw's basic structure consists of a head and threaded shank, with its helical design enabling secure fastening to various materials including metal and wood.
I. Definition and Characteristics of Screws
According to international standards, screws are threaded fasteners designed to join two or more objects. Their widespread use has led to numerous varieties including self-tapping screws, coach screws, hook screws, and eye screws—each distinguished by unique shapes, materials, and applications.
For instance, coach screws (square head screws) are commonly used in timber connections. Their square head design increases friction during torque application, enhancing connection stability. Typically manufactured from mild steel or stainless steel, these screws undergo easy processing and surface treatment, making them ideal for furniture production and construction.
II. Customs Tariffs and Screw Classification
China's Customs Import and Export Tariff Classification provides a clear framework for commodity categorization. Steel screws primarily fall under HS heading 73.18. Given their diversity, customs tariffs implement detailed classifications to streamline clearance procedures and taxation. Assigning specific tariff codes not only facilitates customs administration but also serves as vital reference for corporate declarations.
Specifically:
- 73181100.00 : Applies to coach screws designed for high-tension scenarios, predominantly made of steel.
- 73181200.01/73181200.90 : Classify wood screws (not wooden screws) for non-aircraft maintenance and other uses respectively. Their thread patterns are specifically engineered for wood engagement.
- 73181300.00 : Covers hook and eye screws used in diverse suspension and fixing applications, valued for their adaptable head designs in modern construction.
III. Self-Tapping Screw Classification
Self-tapping screws—classified under 73181400.01 (non-aircraft) and 73181400.90 (others)—feature threads that cut directly into materials without pre-drilling. Widely used for lightweight materials like plastics and thin metal sheets, their ease of installation and reliable performance make them industry favorites.
IV. Tensile Strength Specifications
Further classifications address tensile strength:
- 73181510.01/73181510.90 : For screws with ≥800 MPa tensile strength (shank diameter >6mm and ≤6mm respectively)
- 73181590.01/73181590.90 : For screws with <800 MPa tensile strength (shank diameter >6mm and ≤6mm respectively)
This system aids procurement decisions—for example, construction firms often select high-tensile screws for prefabricated components to ensure structural integrity.
V. The Criticality of Accurate Classification
Proper classification directly impacts customs efficiency and costs. In China, misclassification may incur heavy penalties and clearance delays. Businesses should:
- Monitor customs regulations and tariff updates
- Consult professional brokers when uncertain
- Reference official customs resources for latest standards
A furniture manufacturer once delayed imports for weeks by misclassifying wood screws, resulting in lost orders and late fees. Conversely, a compliant competitor studied tariff codes and EU regulations beforehand, ensuring timely delivery and enhanced reputation.
VI. Conclusion and Future Outlook
As global trade evolves, screw standardization and regulatory compliance will grow increasingly vital. Manufacturers must stay abreast of policy changes and collaborate with customs experts to optimize clearance processes. Technological advancements will continue introducing innovative screw designs, compelling businesses to adapt their production and operational strategies to maintain competitive advantage.
